Check whether the problem is the file
Play another song, voice memo, or video on the same iPhone. If those sound normal, the issue is probably the source file rather than the device speaker, Bluetooth routing, or overall iPhone volume.
Why imported audio can sound quiet
Some recordings are captured too far from the microphone. Others are exported conservatively to preserve headroom. Older MP3s can also be mastered at lower loudness than modern streaming content. In all of these cases, the file level itself is the limiting factor.
Raise gain in stages
Open the Volume control and increase it gradually rather than jumping to the maximum. Loud peaks expose clipping first, so test the strongest chorus, drum hit, or spoken phrase before you decide the setting is safe.
Use EQ when “louder” is not enough
If the file is muddy or speech lacks clarity, more level may just make the problem louder. A small reduction in low frequencies or a careful midrange adjustment can improve intelligibility with less total gain.
Export a separate louder copy
When the boosted version sounds clear on both the iPhone speaker and your headphones, export it as a new file. That keeps the original available if you later want a different setting.